Stem cells are basic cells that constitute all tissues and organs. Stem cells have been found in bone marrow, blood umbilical cord and embryo. These undifferentiated cells have unlimited cell dividing and replication ability and they can change into different tissues and organs. Because of these features, stem cells are used in many areas such as cancer, neurology (alzheimer) and metabolic (diabetes), organ deficiency, rheumatism, hearth and bone diseases, with the latest developments about science and technology. Nowadays, some of diseases are treated with tissue and organ transplants. However, there are some important problems in transplantations like the excessive numbers of people who need tissues and organs transplants and difficulties in finding appropriate tissues and organs. Since the stem cells transplantation has become widely used, the need for nurses who specialised on this subject will continue to increase. The nurses should be well informed about the last developments in stem cell transplantation to develop their practice skills in this special area.